18 Kasım 2016 Cuma

Analytical Instrumentation





This valuable resource covers the principles of analytical instrumentation used by today's chemists and biologists and presents important advances in instrumentation, such as the drive to miniaturise and lab-on-a-chip devices. In terms of the lab-based analytical instrumentation, the five main categories of technique spectroscopic, chromatographic, electrochemical, imaging and thermoanalytical, are included and presented in a practical, not theoretical way. Including relevant examples and applications in a number of fields such as healthcare, environment and pharmaceutical industry this book provides a complete overview of the instruments used within the chemistry industry, making this an important tool for professionals and students alike.  

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Analytical Chemistry of Complex Matrices











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Handbook of Spectroscopic Data: Chemistry






1. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy

2. Infrared Spectroscopy

3. Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

4. Be NMR Spectroscopy

5. Mass Spectrometry

6. Structural Data Obtainable from Different Spectra





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17 Kasım 2016 Perşembe

Liquid sample introduction in icp spectrometry a practical guide






Inductively coupled plasma atomic or mass spectrometry is one of the most common techniques for elemental analysis. Samples to be analyzed are usually in the form of solutions and need to be introduced into the plasma by means of a sample introduction system, so as to obtain a mist of very fine droplets. Because the sample introduction system can be a limiting factor in the analytical performance, it is crucial to optimize its design and its use. It is the purpose of this book to provide fundamental knowledge along with practicalВ instructions to obtain the best out of the technique. - Fundamental as well as practical character - Troubleshooting section - Flow charts with optimum systems to be used 







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Practical Guide to ICP-MS







Written by a field insider with more than 20 years of experience in the development and application of atomic spectroscopy instrumentation, the Practical Guide to ICP-MS offers key concepts and guidelines in a reader-friendly format that is superb for those with limited knowledge of the technique. This reference discusses the fundamental principles, analytical advantages, practical capabilities, and overall benefits of ICP-MS. It presents the most important selection criteria when evaluating commercial ICP-MS equipment and the most common application areas of ICP-MS such as the environmental, semiconductor, geochemical, clinical, nuclear, food, metallurgical, and petrochemical industries.








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A Beginner’s Guide to ICP-MS




Whatever your ICP-MS experience, you probably know that there are many textbooks compiled and edited by academics that approach ICP-MS from a purely theoretical and fundamental perspective, but there aren’t any books that provide a practical perspective of the technique that are written specifically for the novice user. You’ll be glad to know that the landscape is changing. With the publication of Practical Guide to ICP-MS: A Tutorial for Beginners, Second Edition, the user community has an new reference book that covers everything a beginner needs to know. Aimed specifically at analytical chemists who are not familiar with the technique and novice users who have just started using it, this updated, revised, and rewritten manuscript includes: 




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Chemical Speciation in the Environment



This book is highly recommended for a broader scientific readership. It should not only find its place on the bookshelf of analytical chemists and 'speciation researchers' but can also serve as an excellent source of information for environmental scientists outside the specialised community.



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LC/MS A Practical User'sGuide






A practical guide to using and maintaining an LC/MS system The combination of liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (MS) has become the laboratory tool of choice for a broad range of industries that require the separation, analysis, and purification of mixtures of organic compounds. LC/MS: A Practical User's Guide provides LC/MS users with an easy-to-use, hands-on reference that focuses on the practical applications of LC/MS and introduces the equipment and techniques needed to use LC/MS successfully. Following a thorough explanation of the basic components and operation of the LC/MS system, the author presents empirical methods for optimizing the techniques, maintaining the instrumentation, and choosing the appropriate MS or LC/MS analyzer for any given problem. LC/MS covers everything users need to know about:
The latest equipment, including quadrupole, time-of-flight, and ion trap analyzers
Cutting-edge processes, such as preparing HPLC mobile phases and samples; handling and maintaining a wide variety of silica, zirconium, and polymeric separation columns; interpreting and quantifying mass spectral data; and using MS interfaces
Current and future applications in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries, biotechnology, clinical research, environmental studies, and forensics.





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Practical Laboratory Skills Training Guides

Gas chromatography has been the most widely used technique in analytical chemistry for over three decades. It offers unchallenged resolving power for closely related volatile compiunds and high sensitivity and selectivity with many of the detector systems. This technique is very accurate and precise when used in the laboratory. This guide begins by looking at the basic theory behind gas chromatography, then goes on to examine injection and sampling methods and the chromatographic column. Sections on detection, data handling, calibration and standards are followed by problem-solving and practical exercises. "Gas Chromatography" is one of the "Practical Laboratory Skills Training Guides", a series that aims to make  





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Organic Chemistry (Paula Yurkanis Bruice)







This innovative book from acclaimed educator Paula Bruice is organized in a way that discourages rote memorization. The author's writing has been praised for anticipating readers' questions, and appeals to their need to learn visually and by solving problems. Emphasizing that learners should reason their way to solutions rather than memorize facts, Bruice encourages them to think about what they have learned previously and apply that knowledge in a new setting. KEY TOPICS The book balances coverage of traditional topics with bioorganic chemistry, highlights mechanistic similarities, and ties synthesis and reactivity together-teaching the reactivity of a functional group and the synthesis of compounds obtained as a result of that reactivity. 



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Organic Chemistry(Robert V. Hoffman)




CONTENTS

1 Functional Groups and Chemical Bonding 
Functional Groups
Orbitals
Bonding Schemes
Antibonding Orbitals
Resonance
Conjugated π Systems
Aromaticity

2 Oxidation States of Organic Compounds 
Oxidation Levels
Oxidation States in Alkanes
Oxidation States in Alkenes
Oxidation States in Common Functional Groups
Oxidation Level Changes During Reactions

3 Acidity and Basicity
Bronsted and Lewis Acids and Bases
Acid Strength
Acid–Base Equilibria

Amphoteric Compounds
Structural Effects on Acidity
Electronegativity
Inductive Effects
Resonance Effects

4 Curved-Arrow Notation
Electron Movement
Heterolytic Bond Cleavages
Heterolytic Bond Formation
Homolytic Bond Making and Bond Breaking
Resonance Structures
Depiction of Mechanism

5 Mechanisms of Organic Reactions 
Activation Energy
Activated Complex
Reaction Energetics
Structure of the Activated Complex
Hammond Postulate
Reaction Kinetics
Determining Activation Energies
Isotope Effects
Electronic Effects
Hammett Equation

6 Stereochemical and Conformational Isomerism 
Stereochemical Structures
Chirality
Configuration of Chiral Centers
Multiple Stereocenters
Optical Activity
Absolute Configuration
Physical Properties of Enantiomers
Resolution of Enantiomers

Stereoselective Reactions
Formation of Enantiomers
Formation of Diastereomers
Stereochemistry to Deduce Mechanism
Conformational Analysis
Conformational Energies
A Values
Strain in Ring Systems
Stereoelectronic Effects

7 Functional Group Synthesis 
Functional Group Manipulation
Carboxylic Acids
Esters
Amides
Acid Chlorides
Aldehydes
Ketones
Imines and Imine Derivatives
Alcohols
Amines
Alkenes
Alkanes

8 Carbon–Carbon Bond Formation between Carbon
Nucleophiles and Carbon Electrophiles
Synthetic Strategy
Nucleophilic Carbon
Electrophilic Carbon
Reactivity Matching
Generation of Nucleophilic Carbon Reagents
Generation of Electrophilic Carbon Reagents
Matching Nucleophiles with Electrophiles
Enolates
Enolate Regioisomers
Diastereoselection in Aldol Reactions
Organometallic Compounds
Neutral Carbon Nucleophiles
C=C Formation
Cyclopropanation Reactions
Metal-Catalyzed Carbon–Carbon Bond Formation
Pd(0)-Catalyzed Carbon–Carbon Bond Formation
Heck Reaction
Suzuki Coupling
Stille Coupling
Olefin Metathesis

9 Carbon–Carbon Bond Formation by
Free-Radical Reactions 
Free-Radical Reactions / 272
Free-Radical Polymerization / 277
Nonpolymerization Reactions / 278
Free-Radical Initiation / 280
Free-Radical Cyclization / 283

10 Planning Organic Syntheses
Retrosynthetic Analysis
Carbon Skeleton Synthesis / 296
Umpolung Synthons / 302
Acetylide Nucleophiles / 305
Ring Construction / 306
Robinson Annulation / 310
Diels–Alder Reaction / 312
HOMO–LUMO Interactions / 313
Stereoelectronic Factors / 316
1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions / 319

11 Structure Determination of Organic Compounds
Structure Determination / 332
Chromatographic Purification / 333
Instrumental Methods / 335
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance / 336
Chemical Shift / 338
Spin–Spin Coupling / 344
Descriptions of Spin Systems / 350
Second-Order Splitting / 354
Structure Identification by 1H NMR / 355
Carbon-13 NMR / 360
Infrared Spectroscopy / 366
IR Stretching Frequencies / 367
Use of IR Spectroscopy for Structure Determination / 371
Mass Spectrometry / 377
Fragmentation Processes / 384



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